4. Where good offices, conciliation or mediation are concluded within 60 days of receipt of a request for consultation, the complaining Party shall allow a period of 60 days from receipt of the request for consultation before requesting the establishment of a panel. The complaining Party may request the establishment of a panel within the 60-day period if the parties to the dispute jointly consider that the dispute has not resolved the dispute through good offices, conciliation or mediation. 3. The Appellate Body shall be composed of persons of recognised authority who have proven expertise in the fields of law, international trade and the subject matter of the agreements covered in general. They are not affiliated with any government. The composition of the Appellate Body is broadly representative of the composition of the WTO. All Appellate Body members will be available at any time and in an early manner and will keep abreast of the WTO`s dispute settlement and other relevant activities. They do not participate in the examination of disputes that would cause a direct or indirect conflict of interest. The intention of this dictionary was to create a broad list of terms commonly used in trade negotiations, and in particular in the context of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), in order to provide an information tool to the general public.

The dictionary is presented in the four official languages of the FTAA: English, Spanish, Portuguese and French. The compilation does not attempt to represent the entire universe of terms used, nor does it attempt to anticipate or influence in any way the definitions or approaches currently proposed by a country in trade negotiations. In fact, many of the definitions in the draft FTAA agreement available to the public, which are still the subject of difficult debate, have been excluded from this dictionary. Definitions are based on widely used sources, including other trade agreements. An alphabetical list of terms is included to facilitate the use of the dictionary. The terms and their definitions are presented according to the general negotiating topics found in the free trade agreement and other trade negotiations. An electronic version of this document is available on the following websites: IDB, OAS and ECLAC. 2. Panels may request information from all relevant sources and consult experts for their views on specific aspects of the matter. With respect to a question of fact concerning a scientific or technical issue raised by a party to the dispute, a panel may request a written opinion from a panel of experts. The rules on the establishment of such a group and its procedures are set out in Annex 4. 8.

In the case of a case brought by a member of a developing country, the Dispute Settlement Body shall, when considering appropriate measures, take into account not only the level of trade of the challenged measures, but also their impact on the economies of the developing countries concerned. 4. In determining the timetable for the proceedings, the panel shall allow the parties to the dispute sufficient time to prepare their comments. 3. When establishing a body, the dispute settlement body may authorize its chairperson to establish the terms of reference of the body in consultation with the parties to the dispute, subject to paragraph 1. The terms of reference thus established shall be distributed to all members. If conditions other than the standard terms are agreed, each Member may raise any relevant issues in the Dispute Settlement Body. The most common form of judicial dispute resolution is litigation. A dispute is brought when one party takes legal action against another party. In the United States, litigation is facilitated by the government in federal, state, and local courts. The procedure is very formal and is subject to rules, such as rules of evidence and procedure, which are determined by the legislator. The results will be decided by an impartial judge and/or jury on the basis of the factual issues of the case and the right of application.

The court`s judgment is binding and not advisory; However, both parties have the right to appeal the judgment to a higher court. The settlement of judicial disputes is generally adversarial in nature, i.e. . B involving antagonistic parties or conflicting interests seeking a result more favourable to their position. 8. In cases of urgency, including with regard to perishable foodstuffs, Members shall enter into consultations within a maximum period of 10 days of receipt of the request. If the dispute has not been resolved by consultations within 20 days of receipt of the request, the complaining Party may request the establishment of a panel. 3.

Citizens of members whose governments (6) are parties to the dispute or third parties within the meaning of Article 10(2) shall not be members of any body seised of the dispute, unless the parties to the dispute agree otherwise. (1) Expedited arbitration in the WTO as an alternative means of dispute settlement may facilitate the settlement of certain disputes concerning issues clearly defined by both parties. Mediation is also an informal alternative to litigation. Mediators are people trained in negotiations who bring opposing parties together and try to reach an agreement or agreement that both parties accept or reject. Mediation is not binding. Mediation is used for a wide range of case types, from juvenile crimes to federal government negotiations with Native American tribes. Mediation has also become an important method of dispute resolution between investors and their investment dealers. See Securities Dispute Resolution. The General Council meets as a Dispute Settlement Body (DPO) to deal with disputes between WTO Members. 2. Upon expiry of the time limit for receipt of comments from the parties to the dispute, the panel shall prepare an interim report for the parties containing both the descriptive sections and the panel`s findings.

Within a time limit set by the Panel, a Party may make a written request to the Panel to consider certain aspects of the interim report before the final report is circulated to Members. .